Nanoparticle based insulin delivery system: the next generation efficient therapy for Type 1 diabetes

Diabetic cases have increased rapidly in recent years throughout the world. Currently, for type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), multiple daily insulin (MDI) injections is the most popular treatment throughout the world. At this juncture, researchers are trying to develop different insulin delivery systems, especially through oral and pulmonary route using nanocarrier based delivery system. This next generation efficient therapy for T1DM may help to improve the quality of life of diabetic patients who routinely employ insulin by the subcutaneous route. In this paper, we have depicted various next generation nanocarrier based insulin delivery systems such as chitosan-insulin nanoparticles, PLGA-insulin nanoparticles, dextran-insulin nanoparticles, polyalkylcyanoacrylated-insulin nanoparticles and solid lipid-insulin nanoparticles. Modulation of these insulin nanocarriers may lead to successful oral or pulmonary insulin nanoformulations in future clinical settings. Therefore, applications and limitations of these nanoparticles in delivering insulin to the targeted site have been thoroughly discussed.
Garima Sharma
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Design and optimization of peptide nanoparticles

Background: Various supra-molecular structures form by self-assembly of proteins in a symmetric fashion. Examples of such structures are viruses, some bacterial micro-compartments and eukaryotic vaults. Peptide/protein-based nanoparticles are emerging in synthetic biology for a variety of biomedical applications, mainly as drug targeting and delivery systems or as vaccines. Our self-assembling peptide nanoparticles (SAPNs) are formed by a single peptide chain that consists of two helical coiled-coil segments connected by a short linker region. One helix is forming a pentameric coiled coil while the other is forming a trimeric coiled coil. Results: Here, we were studying in vitro and in silico the effect of the chain length and of point mutations near the linker region between the pentamer and the trimer on the self-assembly of the SAPNs. 60 identical peptide chains co-assemble to form a spherical nanoparticle displaying icosahedral symmetry. We have stepwise reduced the size of the protein chain to a minimal chain length of 36 amino acids. We first used biochemical and biophysical methods on the longer constructs followed by molecular dynamics simulations to study eleven different smaller peptide constructs. We have identified one peptide that shows the most promising mini-nanoparticle model in silico. Conclusions: An approach of in silico modeling combined with in vitro testing and verification yielded promising peptide designs: at a minimal chain length of only 36 amino acids they were able to self-assemble into proper nanoparticles. This is important since the production cost increases more than linearly with chain length. Also the size of the nanoparticles is significantly smaller than 20 nm, thus reducing the immunogenicity of the particles, which in turn may allow to use the SAPNs as drug delivery systems without the risk of an anaphylactic shock.
Tais Doll
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Cerium oxide nanoparticles attenuate acute kidney injury induced by intra-abdominal infection in Sprague–Dawley rats

Background: Intra-abdominal infection or peritonitis is a cause for great concern due to high mortality rates. The prognosis of severe intra-abdominal infection is significantly diminished in the presence of acute kidney injury (AKI) which is often characterized by renal tubular cell death that can lead to renal failure. The purpose of the current study is to examine the therapeutic efficacy of cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) nanoparticles for the treatment of peritonitis-induced AKI by polymicrobial insult. Results: A one-time administration of CeO 2 nanoparticles (0.5 mg/kg) in the absence of antibiotics or other supportive care, attenuated peritonitis-induced tubular dilatation and the loss of brush border in male Sprague–Dawley rats. These improvements in renal structure were accompanied by decreases in serum cystatin-C levels, reduced renal oxidative stress, diminished Stat-3 phosphorylation and an attenuation of caspase-3 cleavage suggesting that the nanoparticle treatment improved renal glomerular filtration rate, diminished renal inflammation and reduced renal apoptosis. Consistent with these data, further analysis demonstrated that the CeO 2 nanoparticle treatment diminished peritonitis-induced increases in serum kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), osteopontin, β-2 microglobulin and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) levels. In addition, the nanoparticle attenuated peritonitis-induced hyperglycemia along with increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum potassium and sodium. Conclusion: CeO 2 nanoparticles scavenge reactive oxygen species and attenuate polymicrobial insult induced increase in inflammatory mediators and subsequent AKI. Taken together, the data indicate that CeO 2 nanoparticles may be useful as an alternative therapeutic agent or in conjunction with standard medical care for the treatment of peritonitis induced acute kidney injury.
Nandini Manne
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Efficient and Inexpensive Sodium–Magnesium Hybrid Battery

Chemistry of Materials

DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b03531

Marc Walter, Kostiantyn V. Kravchyk, Maria Ibáñez and Maksym V. Kovalenko
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Ferroelectric Polarization-Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting in TiO2–BaTiO3 Core–Shell Nanowire Photoanodes

Nano Letters

DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03988

Weiguang Yang, Yanhao Yu, Matthew B. Starr, Xin Yin, Zhaodong Li, Alexander Kvit, Shifa Wang, Ping Zhao and Xudong Wang
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Random and Block Sulfonated Polyaramides as Advanced Proton Exchange Membranes

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b06857

Corey L. Kinsinger, Yuan Liu, Feilong Liu, Yuan Yang, Soenke Seifert, Daniel M. Knauss, Andrew M. Herring and C. Mark Maupin
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Surface Reactions of Ethanol over UO2(100) Thin Film

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b08577

S. D. Senanayake, K. Mudiyanselage, A. K. Burrell, J. T. Sadowski and H. Idriss
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Semiquantitative Electron Tunneling Barrier Height Measurements of Molecular Monolayers at the Solution–Graphite Interface: Nonorbital-Mediated Tunneling

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b06726

Xixuan Guo, Flaminia Marrucci, Nathan Price, Elizabeth L. Stewart, J. Clayton Baum and Joel A. Olson
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Two-Dimensional Tin Disulfide Nanosheets for Enhanced Sodium Storage

ACS Nano

DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05229

Wenping Sun, Xianhong Rui, Dan Yang, Ziqi Sun, Bing Li, Wenyu Zhang, Yun Zong, Srinivasan Madhavi, Shixue Dou and Qingyu Yan
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Influence of the Dopant Concentration on the Photocatalytic Activity: Al-Doped TiO2

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b06252

Anna A. Murashkina, Petr D. Murzin, Aida V. Rudakova, Vladimir K. Ryabchuk, Alexei V. Emeline and Detlef W. Bahnemann
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Polymorphic, Porous, and Host–Guest Nanostructures Directed by Monolayer–Substrate Interactions: Epitaxial Self-Assembly Study of Cyclic Trinuclear Au(I) Complexes on HOPG at the Solution–Solid Interface

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b08171

Bhaskar Chilukuri, Roy N. McDougald, Mukunda M. Ghimire, Vladimir N. Nesterov, Ursula Mazur, Mohammad A. Omary and K. W. Hipps
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Reply to “Comment on ‘Breakdown of Interference Rules in Azulene, a Nonalternant Hydrocarbon’”

Nano Letters

DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04154

Mikkel Strange, Gemma C. Solomon, Latha Venkataraman and Luis M. Campos
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Signal-on Photoelectrochemical Aptasensor for Adenosine Triphosphate Detection Based on Sensitization Effect of CdS:Mn@Ru(bpy)2(dcbpy) Nanocomposites

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b08131

Gao-Chao Fan, Ming Zhao, Hua Zhu, Jian-Jun Shi, Jian-Rong Zhang and Jun-Jie Zhu
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Ultrafast Photoinduced Electron Transfer between Carbon Nanoparticles and Cyclometalated Rhodium and Iridium Complexes

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b08633

Somen Mondal, Sourav Kanti Seth, Parna Gupta and Pradipta Purkayastha
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Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence from Single Proteins in Living Bacteria

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b08049

Jessica D. Flynn, Beth L. Haas and Julie S. Biteen
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Challenges in Co-Alloyed Titanium Oxynitrides, a Promising Class of Photochemically Active Materials

Chemistry of Materials

DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02357

James J. Brancho and Bart M. Bartlett
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Colloidally Prepared 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid Capped Lead Sulfide Quantum Dots

Chemistry of Materials

DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02786

Chase C. Reinhart and Erik Johansson
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Structurally Restricted Phase Transitions in VO2(B) and Their Impact on Transport Properties

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b07826

S. R. Popuri, A. Artemenko, R. Decourt, M. Josse, U. C. Chung, D. Michau, M. Maglione, A. Villesuzanne and M. Pollet
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Synthesis of Ultrathin Copper Nanowires Using Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane for High-Performance and Low-Haze Transparent Conductors

Nano Letters

DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03422

Fan Cui, Yi Yu, Letian Dou, Jianwei Sun, Qin Yang, Christian Schildknecht, Kerstin Schierle-Arndt and Peidong Yang
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Energy-Cascaded Upconversion in an Organic Dye-Sensitized Core/Shell Fluoride Nanocrystal

Nano Letters

DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02830

Guanying Chen, Jossana Damasco, Hailong Qiu, Wei Shao, Tymish Y. Ohulchanskyy, Rashid R. Valiev, Xiang Wu, Gang Han, Yan Wang, Chunhui Yang, Hans Ågren and Paras N. Prasad
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