Vanadium oxide–carbon nanotube composite electrodes for energy storage by supercritical fluid deposition: experiment design and device performance

Vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) deposited on porous multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) buckypaper using supercritical fluid CO 2 (scCO 2 ) deposition shows excellent performance for electrochemical capacitors. However, the low weight loading of V 2 O 5 is one of the main problems. In this paper, design of experiments and response surface methods were employed to explore strategies for improving the active material loading by increasing the organo-vanadium precursor adsorption. A second-order response surface model was fitted to the designed experiments to predict the loading of the vanadium precursors onto carbon nanotube buckypaper as a function of time, temperature and pressure of CO 2 , buckypaper functionalization, precursor type, initial precursor mass and stir speed. Operation conditions were identified by employing a model that led to a precursor loading of 19.33%, an increase of 72.28% over the initial screeni...

Quyet H Do, Thomas R Fielitz, Changchun Zeng, O Arda Vanli, Chuck Zhang and Jim P Zheng

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